Which type of resource is defined as nonexcludable but rival?

The concept of a resource being nonexcludable but rival is characteristic of common resources. Common resources are natural resources that are available to everyone, and it is difficult to prevent individuals from accessing them. For example, fish in the ocean or a public park can be used by many people, which makes them nonexcludable. However, the consumption of these resources by one individual reduces the availability for others, thereby making them rivalrous.

This distinction is essential in microeconomics, as it helps to understand how resources can be overused or depleted when they are accessible to all without restrictions. This idea aligns with the "tragedy of the commons," where individual incentives to maximize personal benefit can lead to the degradation of the resource for the entire community.

In contrast, public goods are nonexcludable and nonrival, meaning they can be consumed by many without reducing their availability. Private goods are both excludable and rival, while artificially scarce goods are excludable but nonrival. These distinctions highlight the unique challenges and management needs of different types of resources in economic contexts.